Design and costs for a system to reduce chloride levels in the Red River by shallow-well collection and deep-well disposal     

T. S. Green  B. A. Memon  A. F. Patton  M. W. Pitts 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(2):141-148

 The Red River drains 242000 km² with 90% of this area being downstream of discharges from naturally occurring brine seeps and springs. The upstream area has been designated as a major chloride emission area in Texas and Oklahoma. Ten major brine source emission areas along the tributaries to the Red River were identified by U.S. Public Health Service and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Eight of these areas were deemed suitable for the control of brine emissions by structural methods including a ring dike to enclose brine springs; low flow dams to capture and divert stream flows with high chloride content to evaporation lakes; and shallow aquifer brine collection wells with a deep-well disposal system. Two adjacent emission areas, designated as Areas XIII and XIV, contribute 500 metric tons of salt per day to the Red River. These areas, along Jonah Creek and Salt Creek, tributaries to the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River were selected for investigation to control brine emission by utilization of shallow collection wells and disposal by deep injection wells. Drilling programs and pumping tests were performed to determine the number and location of shallow collection wells. Eighteen wells with 12 operating full time, will be located in the primary emission areas. The collected brine will be conveyed through corrosion-resistant pipelines to a treatment facility for filtration at a rate of 300 l/s. Additional pipelines will convey the filtered brine to deep injection wells for disposal. Nine deep wells will be installed with seven operating full time. Design criteria for the project are 100-year life expectancy and automated operation with minimum supervision and maintenance. The required minimum operating, maintenance and supervision coupled with 100-year life expectancy of the project added significantly to the estimated US $58 million capital cost of the project. However, the reduction in annual cost for labor, repairs and replacement of the component of the system should result in a lower life cycle cost. The estimated annual operating and maintenance cost is US $4.7 million. Received: 5 May 1998 · Accepted: 30 June 1998  相似文献   

海洋生物高分子壳聚糖微孔树脂的开发     

蔡邦肖 《海洋学研究》1999,17(2):39-42

在简要评述甲壳素和壳聚糖的资源、产业及其应用特点的同时,着重叙述壳聚糖微孔树脂的制备、性质、功能和应用,从而展示壳聚糖及其微孔树脂的发展前景。  相似文献   

微藻在污水中的除磷脱氮作用     

董俊德  吴伯堂  黄羽庭 《热带海洋学报》1999,18(1):4

初步调查了广州海珠区污水排放区污水中微藻的组成,表明该区微藻以蓝藻门颤藻科Ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒｉａｃｅａｅ为主,以小颤藻Ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｓ、两栖颤藻Ｏ．ａｍｐｈｉｌｉａ为优势种;测定了其在污水中的除磷脱氮能力,结果表明,两优势种处理污水氮、磷的能力随微藻的生长期和污水中氮、磷浓度的不同而有较大的变化。  相似文献   

临南油田工业污水经处理后回注对地层的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘中云  陈永红  伍家忠  尹先清  罗觉生  王正良 《地质科技情报》2000,19(3):61-64

探讨了临南油田污水处理后处理水与地层水的配伍性及对储层的敏感性问题,结果表明,临南油田处理水与地层水配伍性能好,不会产生沉淀结垢现象,对储层存在一定的速敏效应,不存在盐敏效应,并表现无碱敏或弱碱敏及无酸敏或弱酸敏效应,因此对储层损害程度小,能用于油田污水回注,提高石油采收率。  相似文献   

裂隙岩体力学参数的弱化处理     

陈志坚  孙英学 《江苏地质》2000,24(1):36-38

合理确定含裂隙岩体力学参数是岩土工程设计和岩体数值分析的基础和关键,在众多裂隙岩体力学参数弱处理方法中,Ｈｏｅｋ－Ｂｒｏｗｎ准则表现出很好的适用性,尤其适用于深厚覆盖层以下的岩体。结合小浪底水利柜纽工程和镇江－扬州长江公路大桥对弱化方法予以介绍和探讨。  相似文献   

边坡加固处治新技术的研究与应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张远明  李梦华 《四川地质学报》2000,20(4):281-286

边坡加固处治是公路、铁路施工时经常遇到的问题。随着科技进步及施工条件的发展,一些新技术、新方法如预应力锚索、滑带土注浆处治技术得以推广应用。本文对这些新技术的应用作了介绍与探讨。  相似文献   

Effects of pH, alkalinity and bedrock chemistry on metal concentrations of springs in an acidified catchment (Ecker Dam, Harz Mountains, FRG)     

M. Frei  U. Bielert  H. Heinrichs   《Chemical Geology》2000,170(1-4):221-242

Thirty-four springs were sampled on five different source rocks in the upper Ecker watershed of the Northern Harz Mountains (Germany) four times during the course of 1995. The analyses included 41 cations and the major anions. Approximately 90% of the rocks in the upper Ecker watershed are low in basic cations, which inhibit the neutralisation of hydrogen-ion loading. As a consequence, the concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Y, Ce, As, La, Nd, Cd, Be, Co, Sb, Pr, Gd, Dy, Yb, Er, Sm, U, Tl, Ho and Tb of the Ecker dam water (pH=5.1) exceed those of the nearby Söse Dam water (pH=6.5) by almost one order of magnitude or more. With the exception of the spring waters on gabbro (pH up to 7.7) all waters on the highly siliceous rocks (quartzite, granite and gneiss) are dominated by sulfate anions with a pH range of 4–6. The concentrations of major conservative ions show a progressive increase with decreasing catchment elevation and decreasing average precipitation. Trace elements such as Sr, Be, Zn, Cd, Ba, Y, La, lanthanides, U, Li, Ni, Al, Mn, Co, Cu, Pb, As, Sb and Tl are increased in the low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC_(aq)) spring waters. The behaviours of Sr, Be, Zn, Cd, Ba, Y, La, lanthanides and U resemble that of the major cations. The highest concentrations of Li and Ni are found on quartzite. Al, Mn, Co and Cu exhibit no clear correlation with catchment elevation and one particular bedrock. The concentrations of V and Cr show a distinct increase in high ANC_(aq) spring waters on gabbro. Pb, As, Sb and Tl are characterized by being found in relatively high concentrations on granite at higher altitudes. Pb, As and Sb are affected by contaminated soils. The extreme variability of trace element concentrations of low ANC_(aq) spring waters cannot be explained by the rock data. It is mainly controlled by the topography-dependent weathering rates of the different rock-types and the decreasing dilution with decreasing catchment elevation.  相似文献   

直方图的作法及平滑化处理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡小荣 《地质与勘探》2000,36(1):75-77,91

基于判断直方图好坏的３条准则,提出了一个构造最佳直方图的定量判据－－最大相对信息居,并利用线性规划方法探讨了直方图的平滑化处理。  相似文献   

桩基施工中岩溶地质危害的治理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

姜明和 《地质与勘探》2000,36(2):19-21

结合在岩溶地区进行桩基施工的实践 ,以典型工程实例介绍在桩基施工中岩溶地质危害的治理方法。  相似文献   

Application of the Clean Development Mechanism in the Sanitation Sector: “Proof of Concept”     

Alexander Meneses  Walter Vergara  Keisuke Hanaki  Mickiel Doorn  Eudes Hernández  Marcos Gryshek  Alfred Grunwaldt  Alejandro Deeb 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(9):788-797

Greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector account for only 4% of the total production, with wastewater management accounting for accurately 8 to 10% of this contribution. Wastewater disposal and treatment activities, mainly contributes to non‐CO₂ gases such as methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Capturing or avoiding these emissions is thus both a concern and an opportunity. The clean development mechanism (CDM) offers an instrument to internalize global climate concerns into the design of wastewater treatment facilities. Properly designed facilities could improve effluent quality and optimize the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions, thus ensuring additional revenues to pay for capital, operation and maintenance costs and possibly justify higher levels of wastewater treatment. This document summarizes the experience of the “Rio Frio CDM project” in Colombia, as an example of what is achievable through the CDM application in wastewater treatment upgrade in developing countries. This document summarizes the scope of the project, the methodology used to establish current greenhouse emissions and future reductions, and the estimated financial results.  相似文献